"First they came for the Jews, and I did not speak out, because I was not a Jew. Then they came for the Communists, and I did not speak out, because I was not a Communist. Then they came for the Trade Unionists, and I did not speak out, because I was not a Trade Unionist. Then they came for me, and there was no one left to speak out for me." Pastor Martin Niemoller, on the progression of Nazi occupation in Europe.
Adolf Hitler was a powerful leader, no two ways about it. When somebody can rally an entire continent to carry out his plans, that's saying something. No, I'm not defending what his plans were. Decades later, millions of people and many countries still bear the physical and emotional marks of his activities. At his core, Hitler was a prime example of a bully. Not just a run-of-the-mill bully, but a bully of extreme measures.
Having run across a few workplace bullies in my career, it interests me how these people are allowed to get to where they are. And it scares me. Bullies of all ages tend to operate on two basic principles:
- Abuse of power - as playground bullies operate on the principle of "give me your lunch money or you'll get beat up" workplace bullies operate under similar auspices: threat of being fired or reprimanded, explosive and public tirades that degrade and humiliate.
- Divide and Conquer - the true core of a bully's power is his/her ability to isolate, as demonstrated by the Niemoller quote, above. Hitler couldn't have pulled off what he did without attacking the most vulnerable first. So, too, do bullies attack those they perceive they can bully, isolating the "weakest of the herd" and leaving other people to watch helplessly or try to stay out of the way.
But it is these very witnesses to bullying that I'm addressing with this post. Robert Sutton shared some fascinating statistics about witnessing bullying in his last book:
"...a British study of more than five thousand employees found that while 25% had been victims of bullying in the past five years, nearly 50% had witnessed bullying incidents. Another British study of more than seven hundred public sector employees found that 73% of the witnesses to bullying incidents experienced increased stress and 44% worried about becoming targets themselves...." (The No Asshole Rule, pp. 32-33)
So the ill effects of bullying go beyond the target; observing the bullying has negative impacts also. But there is a solution. It is called "safety in numbers" - it becomes very difficult for a bully to carry out his or her plans when people stick together. Following my workshop in North Carolina, one gentleman shared his story with me. He and his team had been victims of a bully, who intimidated the team to perform (one by one). When the team found out that he had been given a promotion and a huge bonus for their performance, they collectively went to Human Resources with documented evidence of his behavior. Not only was he subsequently demoted, but his bonus was retracted.
Hence, one of the most effective ways to deal with a bully is to gang up on him or her. Using documentation and facts, go to HR as a group. Human Resources can be pretty proficient at ignoring individual complaints and dismissing them. When a group lodges a complaint, it becomes much harder to ignore, as there is a much more obvious liability issue.
While Hitler is a blatant and extreme example of bullying, the principles of how he got there still apply. Are you witnessing bullying in your office? How can you help the target handle the bully effectively?